eaq'kh jgeku [kku] Hkkjroa'kh vfLerk dh izsj.kk ds lw=k vkSj lwjhuke esa fgUnh ds euh"kh lsod

 MkWñ eksgu dkañ xkSre] duZ bULVhV~;wM] yk;Mu fo'ofo|ky;

 lu~ 1961 esa esjh eqykdkr Jhfuoklh (lwjhuke osQ jk"Vªh;

dfo ek- g- yNeu tks vius miuke ls oSQfjfc;u lkfgR;dkjksa esa izfl¼ gSa) ls gqbZA gkWyS.M osQ n gsx uxj esa ^euu* laLFkk osQ lekjksg esa og viuh dfork,¡ lqukus vk;s FksA ckrksa gh ckrksa esa eSa iwN cSBk] ^^vkius dfork,¡ fy[kha] ysfdu ;g crkb;s fd vkidks viuh jpuk osQ fy;s izsj.kk dgk¡ ls feyhA**

^^oSls rks vejhdu vkSj Mp lkfgR;dkjksa dks eSa f'k{kd gksus osQ ukrs tkurk gw¡ ysfdu fgUnh dforkvksa dh jpuk esa lwjhuke osQ o;kso`¼ eqa'kh jgeku [kku esjh izsj.kk osQ lw=k jgs gSaA**

eqa'kh jgeku [kku dk uke lqudj eq>s vkSj oqQN tkuus dh ftKklk gqbZA eSaus cgqr ls Hkkjroaf'k;ksa ls iwNk] ij yxk fd lc gh eqa'khth dh jpukvksa ls vufHkK jgs gSaA fiQj eSaus eqa'khth osQ ifjokj dk irk yxk;kA irk yxk fd eqa'kh th dh nks iqLrosaQ lu~ 1953 vkSj 1954 esa nsgkrh iqLrd HkaMkj] fnYyh ls ^nksgk f'k{kkoyh* vkSj ^Kku izdk'k* uke ls izdkf'kr gqbZ gSaA ysfdu mudh cgqr&lh gLrfyf[kr ik.Mqfyfi;k¡ muosQ ifjokj esa fc[kjh iM+h gSaA eqa'khth dkSu Fks \ dgk¡ ls vk;s Fks \ oSQls vk;s Fks \ lwjhuke esa mudk thou oSQlk jgk \ Hkkjroaf'k;ksa osQ izfr og D;k djuk pkgrs Fks \ vkfn iz'u Øe ls esjs efLr"d esa Nk x;sA fiNys nks n'kdksa esa eSaus mudh djhc&djhc lHkh miyCèk ik.Mqfyfi;k¡ ,d=k dj yha vkSj rc ls mu ij 'kksèk&fo'ys"k.k dj jgk gw¡A D;ksafd eqa'khth BsB Hkkjrh; FksA vkb;s] mudks le>us osQ fy;s Hkkjroaf'k;ksa osQ lwjhuke izoklu ij Hkh ,d n`f"V Mky ysaA

Hkkjroaf'k;ksa dk Hkkjr ls cfgxZeu oSls nkl izFkk osQ mUewyu osQ ckn gh gqvk FkkA ckxku ls tc vÚhdh nkl Lora=k gks x;s rks etnwjksa dh ek¡x osQ fy;s Hkkjr dh 'kj.k yh xbZA ekWjh'kl (1834)] fczfV'k x;kuk (1838)] f=kfunkn (1845)] lwjhuke (1873) vkSj fiQ”kh (1879) esa 19oha lnh esa gh Hkkjroa'kh gtkjksa dh la[;k esa ckxkuksa esa ik¡p o"kks± osQ fy;s tkus yxsA ;g izoklu ekWjh'kl dks NksM+dj lu~ 1916 rd pyrk jgkA djhc 12 yk[k Hkkjroa'kh izoklu osQ fy;s Hkkjr ls ckgj pys x;sA lwjhuke nf{k.k vesfjdk esa oSQfjfc;u ns'k gS vkSj Mp mifuos'k dky esa Mp x;kuk osQ uke ls tkuk tkrk FkkA lwjhuke

esa 64 o"kks± esa (1873&1916) dydÙkk ls 34000 Hkkjroa'kh izoklu osQ fy;s x;s Fks ftlesa ls osQoy ,d frgkbZ Hkkjr ykSV x;s FksA bu gtkjksa Hkkjroaf'k;ksa esa ,d fo'ks"k Hkkjrh; Fkk tks fgUnh dk HkDr gh ugha vfirq Hkkjrh; vfLerk dk lsod Hkh Fkk vkSj ;gh O;fDr eqa'kh jgeku [kku FksA

eqa'kh jgeku [kku dk tUe 11 vxLr] 1874 esa Hkjdkjh xk¡o esa] ekSèkk rglhy] gehjiqj ftys esa mÙkj izns'k jkT; esa gqvk FkkA buosQ firk psrjke ekjokM+h] tks 60 xk¡oksa osQ ”kehankj Fks] osQ ;gk¡ lqj{kk ns[kus osQ gsrq teknkj FksA cpiu ls gh eqa'khth dks fgUnh dfork fy[kus dk 'kkSd Fkk vkSj og [kqn ,d f'k{kd cuuk pkgrs FksA lu~ 1894 esa eqa'khth us f'k{kd cuus osQ fy;s f'k{k.k ijh{kk mÙkh.kZ dh vkSj ekSèkk osQ ljdkjh LowQy esa i<+kus yxsA eqa'khth dh izsj.kk osQ lw=k xksLokeh rqylhnkl FksA jkek;.k ls eqa'khth brus izHkkfor Fks fd muosQ LoIuksa dk vkn'kZ ^jkejkT;* FkkA jkek;.k mUgsa oaQBLFk Fkh vkSj volj iM+us ij og lnSo jkek;.k osQ nksgs vkSj pkSikb;ksa dk iz;ksx djus esa dHkh ugha pwdrs FksA fcuk jkek;.k osQ thou mUgsa vHkkxk yxrk FkkA ,d fnu oqQN ,slk gh gqvkA eqa'khth dk fpÙk oqQN mpV x;kA LowQy ls mUgksaus cM+h dfBukbZ ls ,d eghus dh NqV~Vh ys yhA ekufld 'kkafr osQ fy;s mUgksaus fj'rsnkjksa osQ ;gk¡] fe=kksa osQ ;gk¡ u tkus dgk¡&dgk¡ >d ekjhA rHkh mUgksaus lquk dkuiqj esa dksbZ izfl¼ jkeyhyk eaMyh jkeyhyk dj jgh gSA jkeyhyk ns[kus osQ fy;s cM+s vkrqj gks x;s vkSj jsyxkM+h ls pkj fnu jkeyhyk ns[kus osQ fy;s dkuiqj tk igq¡psA jsyxkM+h osQ li+Qj dk vuqHko budk igyk vuqHko FkkA jkeyhyk dh lekfIr osQ ckn eqa'khth Vsªu idM+us osQ fy;s tc dkuiqj LVs'ku tk jgs Fks] jkLrs esa bUgsa nks vjdkVh (izoklu osQ fy;s HkrhZ djus okys) feys vkSj lwjhuke dk lCtckx fn[kykdj mUgksaus eqa'khth dks iqQlykdj vius paxqy esa iQ¡lkdj lc&fMiks dkuiqj ls iSQtkckn&fMiks gksdj dydÙks osQ gqxyh unh ij izoklu nÝrj ^xkMZu jhp* igq¡pk fn;kA 13 tuojh] 1898 dks ^,oksu* tgkt ls eqa'khth ckjg vkus jks”k&e”knwjh osQ fy;s 13 viSzy] 1898 dks U;w ,ELVjMe (lwjhuke) tk igq¡psA ^yLV ,u #LV* dkdkvks ckxku esa ik¡p o"kZ dh vofèk osQ fy;s e”knwj dh gSfl;r ls Hkst fn;s x;sA ckxku esa vfèkdrj Hkkjroa'kh FksA oqQN fnuksa ckn eqa'khth dkvkVs&nky osQ Hkko dk irk yxkA dke djrs&djrs muosQ gkFkksa esa Nkys iM+ x;s] rc mudh lgk;rk osQ fy;s osQoy jkek;.k gh FkhA eqa'khth vius lkFk dksbZ jkek;.k dh izfr ugha ys x;s FksA ij oqQN gh fnuksa esa mudk uke iafMrksa esa fxuk tkus yxkA lIrkgarj ij yksx mUgsa jkek;.k ikB osQ fy;s cqykus yxsA fiQj eqa'khth us vukSipkfjd :i ls fgUnh i<+kuk vkjaHk dj fn;kA e”knwjh dh vofèk gh esa eqa'khth ckxku osQ ljnkj cu x;sA tc lu~ 1903 esa mUgsa vodk'k feyk rks og e”knwjh ls Lora=k gks x;sA ysfdu ckxku osQ ekfyd osQ cgqr oqQN dgus ij fiQj ls ckxku esa ljnkjh dk dke djus yxsA i'kqikyu] nwèk&?kh dk èkaèkk] [ksrhckM+h] lCth mRiknu dks mUgksaus viuk nwljk O;olk; cuk fy;kA lu~ 1920 esa eqa'khth us ikjkekfjcks osQ nf{k.k esa MkbdisQYr ckxku esa ls ”kehu [kjhn yh vkSj viuk edku cuk fy;kA blh edku esa eqa'khth vius ys[ku dk dk;Z djrs jgsA ifjokj dks pykus osQ fy;s ^uksu] rsy] ydM+h* dk èkaèkk mUgsa djuk iM+k] ij og viuk iwjk le; ykyVsu dh cÙkh esa jkr&jkrHkj fy[krs jgsA lu~ 1938 ls lu~ 1943 dh vofèk esa og cgqr nq%[kh jgsA Hkkjroaf'k;ksa esa fgUnw vkSj eqfLye dh njkj iM+ xbZA bl njkj dks ikVus osQ fy;s mUgksaus iwjh dksf'k'k dhA mUgksaus fy[kkµ

nqbZ tknh Hkkjr ls vk;s] fgUnw&eqlyeku dgyk;s

jgh izfr nksuksa esa Hkkjh] tSls nqbZ caèkq ,d egrkjh

(nksgk f'k{kkoyh] 1953)

og fgUnw&eqlyeku dks ,d Hkkjrh; dh laKk nsrs FksA èkeZ muosQ fy;s O;fDrxr FkkA èkeZ dk lzksr lekt Fkk tgk¡ lgdkfjrk ls jkejkT; LFkkfir gks ldrk gSA

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